Project: Complete Guide to the Internet
Congratulations! You've reached the end of the module about how the internet works. It's time to gather everything you've learned and create a complete guide to the internet in the form of an HTML page. This project summarizes all the knowledge from the module — from the basics of networking, through HTTP and DNS protocols, to TCP/IP, streaming, and security.
Imagine you are the pharaoh's scribe and you must create a great scroll of knowledge — an internet encyclopedia for future generations. Each section is a different chamber in the pyramid of knowledge!
Step 1: Document Structure — The Pyramid's Foundation
Start with a solid foundation. Every pyramid needs a foundation, and every HTML page — a proper structure:
1<!DOCTYPE html>
2<html lang="en">
3<head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
6 <title>Complete Guide to the Internet</title>
7</head>
8<body>
9 <header>
10 <h1>How the Internet Works — A Guide</h1>
11 <p>Discover the secrets of the network, just as we discover the secrets of pyramids!</p>
12 </header>
13 <main>
14 <!-- You'll add the next sections here -->
15 </main>
16</body>
17</html>Step 2: Section About Internet Basics
Describe what the internet, WWW is, and how the global network was created:
1<section>
2 <h2>What Is the Internet?</h2>
3 <p>The internet is a global network of connected computers
4 communicating using TCP/IP protocols.</p>
5
6 <h3>Key Concepts</h3>
7 <ul>
8 <li><strong>Internet</strong> — a physical network connecting computers</li>
9 <li><strong>WWW</strong> — World Wide Web, a system of web pages</li>
10 <li><strong>Browser</strong> — a program that displays pages</li>
11 <li><strong>Server</strong> — a computer that provides resources</li>
12 </ul>
13</section>Step 3: HTTP, HTTPS, and Communication
Add a section about communication protocols — how the browser talks to the server:
1<section>
2 <h2>HTTP and HTTPS Protocols</h2>
3 <p>HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the language through which
4 the browser and server communicate with each other.</p>
5
6 <table>
7 <thead>
8 <tr>
9 <th>Feature</th>
10 <th>HTTP</th>
11 <th>HTTPS</th>
12 </tr>
13 </thead>
14 <tbody>
15 <tr>
16 <td>Encryption</td>
17 <td>None</td>
18 <td>Yes (SSL/TLS)</td>
19 </tr>
20 <tr>
21 <td>Security</td>
22 <td>Low</td>
23 <td>High</td>
24 </tr>
25 <tr>
26 <td>Browser Icon</td>
27 <td>No padlock</td>
28 <td>Padlock</td>
29 </tr>
30 </tbody>
31 </table>
32</section>Step 4: DNS — Domain Name System
Explain how DNS translates domain names to IP addresses:
1<section>
2 <h2>DNS System</h2>
3 <p>DNS (Domain Name System) converts friendly names
4 like "google.com" into IP addresses like "142.250.74.206".</p>
5
6 <h3>DNS Resolution Steps</h3>
7 <ol>
8 <li>The browser checks the local cache</li>
9 <li>The query goes to the DNS resolver</li>
10 <li>The resolver asks the root DNS server</li>
11 <li>Root directs to the TLD server (.com, .pl)</li>
12 <li>The TLD server directs to the domain's server</li>
13 <li>We receive the page's IP address</li>
14 </ol>
15</section>Step 5: TCP/IP and Data Packets
Describe how data travels through the internet:
1<section>
2 <h2>TCP/IP Model</h2>
3 <p>TCP/IP is a set of protocols that organize
4 data transmission on the internet.</p>
5
6 <h3>TCP/IP Layers</h3>
7 <ol>
8 <li><strong>Network Access Layer</strong> — cables, WiFi</li>
9 <li><strong>Internet Layer (IP)</strong> — addressing</li>
10 <li><strong>Transport Layer (TCP/UDP)</strong> — reliability</li>
11 <li><strong>Application Layer</strong> — HTTP, DNS, FTP</li>
12 </ol>
13
14 <h3>TCP vs UDP</h3>
15 <table>
16 <thead>
17 <tr>
18 <th>Feature</th>
19 <th>TCP</th>
20 <th>UDP</th>
21 </tr>
22 </thead>
23 <tbody>
24 <tr>
25 <td>Reliability</td>
26 <td>Guarantees delivery</td>
27 <td>No guarantee</td>
28 </tr>
29 <tr>
30 <td>Speed</td>
31 <td>Slower</td>
32 <td>Faster</td>
33 </tr>
34 <tr>
35 <td>Use Case</td>
36 <td>Websites, email, files</td>
37 <td>Streaming, games</td>
38 </tr>
39 </tbody>
40 </table>
41</section>Step 6: Streaming and CDN
Add a section about multimedia on the web:
1<section>
2 <h2>Streaming and CDN</h2>
3 <p>Streaming allows playing multimedia without downloading
4 the entire file. CDN accelerates content delivery.</p>
5
6 <h3>How Does CDN Work?</h3>
7 <p>CDN (Content Delivery Network) is a network of servers
8 around the world storing copies of content.
9 The user connects to the nearest server.</p>
10</section>Step 7: Security
Add a section about internet safety:
1<section>
2 <h2>Internet Security</h2>
3 <ul>
4 <li>Always check the HTTPS padlock in the address bar</li>
5 <li>SSL/TLS certificate encrypts communication</li>
6 <li>Never enter passwords on HTTP pages</li>
7 <li>Watch out for phishing — fake pages</li>
8 </ul>
9</section>Step 8: Footer — The Pharaoh's Seal
Close the page with a footer, like a seal on a royal decree:
1 <footer>
2 <p>Internet Guide — Module 2</p>
3 <p>Created during a journey through Ancient Egypt</p>
4 </footer>
5</body>
6</html>Your Task
Create a complete HTML page combining all the above sections into one cohesive document. Add your own descriptions, examples, and Egyptian analogies. The page should be readable, well-organized, and contain at least:
- Headings
to<h1>
— topic hierarchy<h3> - Lists
and<ul>
— listing steps and concepts<ol> - Tables
— protocol comparisons<table> - Paragraphs
— descriptions and explanations<p> - Semantic elements
,<header>
,<main>
,<section><footer>
Submit the finished project for review by the mentor in the next step.